Croatia vs Italy: Research and development expenditure
Croatia
1.4%
in 2023
Italy
1.4%
in 2023
Croatia rank
32nd
Italy rank
33rd
Research and development expenditure over time
- Croatia
- Italy
How they compare
Croatia currently reports 1.4% against 1.4% in Italy, a difference of 0.0%.
The two have swapped places 3 times across 25 shared years of data; in 1999 it was Italy ahead.
Croatia ranks 32nd and Italy ranks 33rd of 116 countries.
Italy has averaged higher in every one of the 4 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Croatia | Italy | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.1% | Italy |
| 2000s | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.2% | Italy |
| 2010s | 0.8% | 1.3% | 0.5% | Italy |
| 2020s | 1.3% | 1.4% | 0.1% | Italy |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Croatia or Italy?
- Croatia, at 1.4% against 1.4% in Italy as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Croatia and Italy?
- 0.0%, with Croatia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Croatia and Italy?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 1999 to 2023.
- How do Croatia and Italy rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Croatia ranks 32nd and Italy ranks 33rd of 116 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.