Which has higher research and development expenditure, Croatia or Turkey?

Turkey, at 1.4% against 1.4% in Croatia as of 2023.

How many years of comparable data are there for Croatia and Turkey?

25 years are reported by both, from 1999 to 2023.

Where does this data come from?

Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

Croatia vs Turkey: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Croatia

1.4%

in 2023

Turkey

1.4%

in 2023

Croatia rank

32nd

Turkey rank

31st

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) over time

Croatia
Turkey

How they compare

Turkey currently reports 1.4% against 1.4% in Croatia, a difference of 0.0%.

The two have swapped places 3 times across 25 shared years of data; in 1999 it was Croatia ahead.

Croatia ranks 32nd and Turkey ranks 31st of 116 countries.

Across the 4 decades both report, Croatia averaged higher in 2 and Turkey in 2.

Head to head by decade

Decade	Croatia	Turkey	Difference	Ahead
1990s	0.8%	0.5%	0.4%	Croatia
2000s	0.9%	0.6%	0.3%	Croatia
2010s	0.8%	1.0%	0.2%	Turkey
2020s	1.3%	1.4%	0.1%	Turkey

Averages of every year both report within each decade.

Frequently asked questions

Which has higher research and development expenditure, Croatia or Turkey?: Turkey, at 1.4% against 1.4% in Croatia as of 2023.
What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Croatia and Turkey?: 0.0%, with Turkey ahead.
How many years of comparable data are there for Croatia and Turkey?: 25 years are reported by both, from 1999 to 2023.
How do Croatia and Turkey rank globally for research and development expenditure?: Croatia ranks 32nd and Turkey ranks 31st of 116 countries.
Where does this data come from?: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

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Croatia vs Turkey: Research and development expenditure. Statizoid, drawing on Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 09 November 2026, from https://science-tech.statizoid.com/compare/research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp/croatia/turkiye/

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About this data

Indicator: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Unit: % of GDP
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 147 places, 3,092 data points, 1996–2024
Last refreshed: 29 October 2026

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.