Finland vs Upper middle income: Research and development expenditure
Finland
3.1%
in 2023
Upper middle income
2.0%
in 2023
Finland rank
10th
Upper middle income rank
11th
Research and development expenditure over time
- Finland
- Upper middle income
How they compare
Finland currently reports 3.1% against 2.0% in Upper middle income, a difference of 1.1%.
That makes Finland's figure about 1.5 times Upper middle income's.
Across all 24 years both countries report, Finland has been ahead every year.
Finland ranks 10th and Upper middle income ranks 11th of 116 countries.
Finland has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Finland | Upper middle income | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 3.4% | 0.8% | 2.5% | Finland |
| 2010s | 3.1% | 1.4% | 1.7% | Finland |
| 2020s | 3.0% | 1.9% | 1.1% | Finland |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Finland or Upper middle income?
- Finland, at 3.1% against 2.0% in Upper middle income as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Finland and Upper middle income?
- 1.1%, with Finland ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Finland and Upper middle income?
- 24 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2023.
- How do Finland and Upper middle income rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Finland ranks 10th and Upper middle income ranks 11th of 116 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.