France vs Middle income: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
France
2.2%
in 2023
Middle income
2.0%
in 2023
France rank
16th
Middle income rank
14th
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) over time
- France
- Middle income
How they compare
France currently reports 2.2% against 2.0% in Middle income, a difference of 0.2%.
That makes France's figure about 1.1 times Middle income's.
Across all 24 years both countries report, France has been ahead every year.
France ranks 16th and Middle income ranks 14th of 116 countries.
France has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | France | Middle income | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 2.1% | 0.8% | 1.3% | France |
| 2010s | 2.2% | 1.3% | 0.9% | France |
| 2020s | 2.2% | 1.8% | 0.4% | France |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, France or Middle income?
- France, at 2.2% against 2.0% in Middle income as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between France and Middle income?
- 0.2%, with France ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for France and Middle income?
- 24 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2023.
- How do France and Middle income rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- France ranks 16th and Middle income ranks 14th of 116 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.