Which has higher research and development expenditure, Greece or Türkiye?

Greece, at 1.5% against 1.4% in Türkiye as of 2023.

How many years of comparable data are there for Greece and Türkiye?

24 years are reported by both, from 1997 to 2023.

Where does this data come from?

Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

Greece vs Türkiye: Research and development expenditure

Greece

1.5%

in 2023

Türkiye

1.4%

in 2023

Greece rank

29th

Türkiye rank

31st

Research and development expenditure over time

Greece
Türkiye

How they compare

Greece currently reports 1.5% against 1.4% in Türkiye, a difference of 0.1%.

That makes Greece's figure about 1.1 times Türkiye's.

The two have swapped places 7 times across 24 shared years of data; in 1997 it was Türkiye ahead.

Greece ranks 29th and Türkiye ranks 31st of 116 countries.

Across the 4 decades both report, Greece averaged higher in 2 and Türkiye in 2.

Head to head by decade

Decade	Greece	Türkiye	Difference	Ahead
1990s	0.5%	0.5%	0.0%	Greece
2000s	0.6%	0.6%	0.0%	Türkiye
2010s	0.9%	1.0%	0.1%	Türkiye
2020s	1.5%	1.4%	0.1%	Greece

Averages of every year both report within each decade.

Frequently asked questions

Which has higher research and development expenditure, Greece or Türkiye?: Greece, at 1.5% against 1.4% in Türkiye as of 2023.
What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Greece and Türkiye?: 0.1%, with Greece ahead.
How many years of comparable data are there for Greece and Türkiye?: 24 years are reported by both, from 1997 to 2023.
How do Greece and Türkiye rank globally for research and development expenditure?: Greece ranks 29th and Türkiye ranks 31st of 116 countries.
Where does this data come from?: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

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Greece vs Türkiye: Research and development expenditure. Statizoid, drawing on Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 30 August 2026, from https://science-tech.statizoid.com/compare/research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp/greece/turkiye/

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About this data

Indicator: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Unit: % of GDP
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 147 places, 3,092 data points, 1996–2024
Last refreshed: 20 August 2026

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.