Italy vs Spain: Research and development expenditure
Italy
1.4%
in 2023
Spain
1.5%
in 2023
Italy rank
33rd
Spain rank
30th
Research and development expenditure over time
- Italy
- Spain
How they compare
Spain currently reports 1.5% against 1.4% in Italy, a difference of 0.1%.
That makes Spain's figure about 1.1 times Italy's.
The two have swapped places 3 times across 28 shared years of data; in 1996 it was Italy ahead.
Italy ranks 33rd and Spain ranks 30th of 116 countries.
Across the 4 decades both report, Italy averaged higher in 2 and Spain in 2.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Italy | Spain | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.2% | Italy |
| 2000s | 1.1% | 1.1% | 0.0% | Spain |
| 2010s | 1.3% | 1.3% | 0.1% | Italy |
| 2020s | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.0% | Spain |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Italy or Spain?
- Spain, at 1.5% against 1.4% in Italy as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Italy and Spain?
- 0.1%, with Spain ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Italy and Spain?
- 28 years are reported by both, from 1996 to 2023.
- How do Italy and Spain rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Italy ranks 33rd and Spain ranks 30th of 116 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.