Middle income vs United Kingdom: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) over time
- Middle income
- United Kingdom
How they compare
United Kingdom currently reports 2.7% against 2.0% in Middle income, a difference of 0.7%.
That makes United Kingdom's figure about 1.4 times Middle income's.
Across all 24 years both countries report, United Kingdom has been ahead every year.
Middle income ranks 14th and United Kingdom ranks 12th of 31 groups.
United Kingdom has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Middle income | United Kingdom | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.8% | 1.6% | 0.8% | United Kingdom |
| 2010s | 1.3% | 2.1% | 0.8% | United Kingdom |
| 2020s | 1.8% | 2.8% | 1.0% | United Kingdom |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Middle income or United Kingdom?
- United Kingdom, at 2.7% against 2.0% in Middle income as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Middle income and United Kingdom?
- 0.7%, with United Kingdom ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Middle income and United Kingdom?
- 24 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2023.
- How do Middle income and United Kingdom rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Middle income ranks 14th and United Kingdom ranks 12th of 31 groups.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.