Australia vs Estonia: Research & development spending as a share of GDP

Australia

1.9%

in 2021

Estonia

1.8%

in 2023

Australia rank

18th

Estonia rank

20th

Research & development spending as a share of GDP over time

Australia currently reports 1.9% against 1.8% in Estonia, a difference of 0.0%.

The two have swapped places 2 times across 13 shared years of data; in 1998 it was Australia ahead.

Australia ranks 18th and Estonia ranks 20th of 116 countries.

Indicator: Research & development spending as a share of GDP
Unit: % of GDP
Source: UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage: 116 places, 2,375 data points, 1996–2024
Last refreshed: 07 August 2026

Includes basic research, applied research, and experimental development.