Australia vs Estonia: Research & development spending as a share of GDP
Australia
1.9%
in 2021
Estonia
1.8%
in 2023
Australia rank
18th
Estonia rank
20th
Research & development spending as a share of GDP over time
- Australia
- Estonia
How they compare
Australia currently reports 1.9% against 1.8% in Estonia, a difference of 0.1%.
The two have swapped places 2 times across 13 shared years of data; in 1998 it was Australia ahead.
Australia ranks 18th and Estonia ranks 20th of 116 countries.
Australia has averaged higher in every one of the 4 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Australia | Estonia | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | Australia |
| 2000s | 1.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | Australia |
| 2010s | 2.1% | 1.6% | 0.4% | Australia |
| 2020s | 1.9% | 1.8% | 0.1% | Australia |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research & development spending as a share of gdp, Australia or Estonia?
- Australia, at 1.9% against 1.8% in Estonia as of 2021.
- What is the difference in research & development spending as a share of gdp between Australia and Estonia?
- 0.1%, with Australia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Australia and Estonia?
- 13 years are reported by both, from 1998 to 2021.
- How do Australia and Estonia rank globally for research & development spending as a share of gdp?
- Australia ranks 18th and Estonia ranks 20th of 116 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as Research & development spending as a share of GDP. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Includes basic research, applied research, and experimental development.