Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain
Spain: Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) was 54.5% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, 1997–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Analysis
In 2023, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain stood at 54.5%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.1% on the previous year and up 11.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain peaked at 54.8% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 34.0%, in 1997.
Spain ranks 18th of 92 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 34.0% | — |
| 1999 | 37.5% | +10.3% |
| 2000 | 38.8% | +3.6% |
| 2001 | 41.2% | +6.2% |
| 2002 | 42.4% | +2.8% |
| 2003 | 44.5% | +5.0% |
| 2004 | 45.5% | +2.2% |
| 2005 | 46.6% | +2.4% |
| 2006 | 46.6% | +0.0% |
| 2007 | 46.5% | -0.1% |
| 2008 | 48.0% | +3.2% |
| 2009 | 48.5% | +1.0% |
| 2010 | 48.1% | -0.7% |
| 2011 | 48.1% | -0.0% |
| 2012 | 48.5% | +0.7% |
| 2013 | 48.7% | +0.6% |
| 2014 | 48.5% | -0.4% |
| 2015 | 50.2% | +3.5% |
| 2016 | 51.0% | +1.5% |
| 2017 | 51.3% | +0.6% |
| 2018 | 51.8% | +1.1% |
| 2019 | 53.4% | +2.9% |
| 2020 | 53.8% | +0.8% |
| 2021 | 54.8% | +1.8% |
| 2022 | 54.6% | -0.3% |
| 2023 | 54.5% | -0.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 35.7% | 34.0% | 37.5% | 2 |
| 2000s | 44.9% | 38.8% | 48.5% | 10 |
| 2010s | 50.0% | 48.1% | 53.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 54.4% | 53.8% | 54.8% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More science & technology data for Spain
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 130.26 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.28 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 62.41 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 122.45 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 60,304 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0012 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain?
- Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain was 54.5% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 54.8% in 2021.
- What is the lowest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 34.0% in 1997.
- How does Spain rank for female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc)?
- Spain ranks 18th out of 92 countries with data for 2023.
- Is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 11.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) - Government. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 26 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release