Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain
Spain: Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) was 50.4% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, 1997–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Analysis
In 2023, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain stood at 50.4%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.4% on the previous year and up 4.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain peaked at 55.1% in 2004 and was at its lowest, 35.1%, in 1997.
That places Spain 19th out of 65 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 35.1% | — |
| 1999 | 38.0% | +8.1% |
| 2000 | 42.6% | +12.3% |
| 2001 | 49.6% | +16.3% |
| 2002 | 42.5% | -14.3% |
| 2003 | 51.4% | +21.0% |
| 2004 | 55.1% | +7.1% |
| 2005 | 54.0% | -1.9% |
| 2006 | 42.1% | -22.0% |
| 2007 | 44.5% | +5.5% |
| 2008 | 44.4% | -0.1% |
| 2009 | 45.0% | +1.3% |
| 2010 | 45.8% | +1.7% |
| 2011 | 47.6% | +4.0% |
| 2012 | 47.9% | +0.7% |
| 2013 | 48.1% | +0.3% |
| 2014 | 51.7% | +7.6% |
| 2015 | 51.8% | +0.1% |
| 2016 | 50.0% | -3.4% |
| 2017 | 52.0% | +4.0% |
| 2018 | 49.5% | -4.8% |
| 2019 | 47.8% | -3.4% |
| 2020 | 47.5% | -0.6% |
| 2021 | 48.2% | +1.5% |
| 2022 | 50.6% | +4.8% |
| 2023 | 50.4% | -0.4% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 50.4% is above the median for high income countries, which is 47.9%, 1.1× the median. (31 countries reporting)
- Spain's 50.4% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 47.4%, 1.1× the median. (33 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 36.5% | 35.1% | 38.0% | 2 |
| 2000s | 47.1% | 42.1% | 55.1% | 10 |
| 2010s | 49.2% | 45.8% | 52.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 49.2% | 47.5% | 50.6% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More science & technology data for Spain
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 130.26 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.28 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 62.41 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 122.45 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 60,304 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0012 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain?
- Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain was 50.4% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 55.1% in 2004.
- What is the lowest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 35.1% in 1997.
- How does Spain rank for female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc)?
- Spain ranks 19th out of 65 countries with data for 2023.
- Is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 4.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) - Private non-profit. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 26 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release