Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category, NUTS 1 region and age by country
Countries reporting
35
Highest
26,845
Germany
Lowest
118.7
Montenegro
Median
2,046
Years covered
27
1999β2025
Data points
3,956
What the numbers show
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category, NUTS 1 region and age is currently reported for 35 countries. The highest value is 26,845 in Germany; the lowest is 118.7 in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 2,046, and the mean is 4,507.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 226.
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category, NUTS 1: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 26,845 | 2025 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 21,623 | 2019 | up 45.7% | rising |
| 3 | France | 21,189 | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 4 | Spain | 14,611 | 2025 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 5 | Italy | 11,460 | 2025 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 6 | Poland | 10,241 | 2025 | up 27.4% | rising |
| 7 | Netherlands | 6,803 | 2025 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 8 | Sweden | 3,915 | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 9 | Belgium | 3,883 | 2025 | up 30.7% | rising |
| 10 | Switzerland | 3,292 | 2025 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 11 | Austria | 2,947 | 2025 | up 23.0% | rising |
| 12 | Romania | 2,784 | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 13 | Portugal | 2,730 | 2025 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 14 | Czechia | 2,689 | 2025 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 15 | Greece | 2,462 | 2025 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 16 | Hungary | 2,447 | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 17 | Ireland | 2,099 | 2025 | up 53.9% | rising |
| 18 | Norway | 2,046 | 2025 | up 20.1% | rising |
| 19 | Denmark | 2,045 | 2025 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 20 | Finland | 1,775 | 2025 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 21 | Bulgaria | 1,623 | 2025 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 22 | Serbia, Republic of | 1,451 | 2025 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 23 | Slovak Republic | 1,373 | 2025 | up 28.4% | rising |
| 24 | Lithuania | 1,027 | 2025 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 25 | Croatia | 912.7 | 2025 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 26 | Slovenia | 564.4 | 2025 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 27 | Latvia | 538.6 | 2025 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 504.5 | 2025 | β | rising |
| 29 | Estonia | 444 | 2025 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 30 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 350.2 | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 31 | Cyprus | 348.7 | 2025 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 32 | Luxembourg | 275.6 | 2025 | up 53.5% | rising |
| 33 | Malta | 184.8 | 2025 | up 105.3% | rising |
| 34 | Iceland | 139.9 | 2025 | up 44.1% | rising |
| 35 | Montenegro | 118.7 | 2020 | up 19.2% | rising |