{"entity":{"iso2":"7E","iso3":"ECA","name":"Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)","slug":"europe-and-central-asia-excluding-high-income"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)","slug":"research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp","source":"Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","title":"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.479389},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.58561},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.460797},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.521353},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.496311},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.536456},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.535915},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.501197},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.512189},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.561154},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.541003},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.616326},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.602529},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.669034},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.647664},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.620974},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.639998},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.621323},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.628877},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.689651},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.797001},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.811464},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.83766},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.837734},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.860492},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.864416},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.81395},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.90477}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.90477,"max":0.90477,"mean":0.64983,"min":0.460797,"of":31,"rank":21,"trend":"rising"}}