{"entity":{"iso2":"Z7","iso3":"ECS","name":"Europe & Central Asia","slug":"europe-and-central-asia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)","slug":"research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp","source":"Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","source_url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS","title":"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":1.6441},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.62749},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.6041},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":1.69617},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.67992},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":1.71639},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.69244},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.71716},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.69271},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":1.64565},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.65297},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.65397},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.71573},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.80358},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.76597},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1.77099},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.81709},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.79695},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.91701},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1.98733},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1.97203},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":2.02586},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":2.06483},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":2.12148},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":2.18818},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":2.16876},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":2.05659},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":2.14079}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":2.14079,"max":2.18818,"mean":1.83344,"min":1.6041,"of":31,"rank":11,"trend":"rising"}}