{"entity":{"iso2":"AU","iso3":"AUS","name":"Australia","slug":"australia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":1.66218},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.51351},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.57198},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.74654},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.84802},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":2.17862},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":2.39898},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":2.3702},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":2.23459},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":2.17733},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1.91969},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.88102},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.82826},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.85783}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2021-01-01","latest_value":1.85783,"max":2.39898,"mean":1.94205,"min":1.51351,"of":116,"rank":18,"trend":"rising"}}