{"entity":{"iso2":"BG","iso3":"BGR","name":"Bulgaria","slug":"bulgaria"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.41826},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.46548},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.48223},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.53688},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.49517},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.44709},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.46473},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.47222},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.47086},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.44269},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.44216},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.43003},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.44731},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.49338},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.56299},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.5295},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.60039},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.63424},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.79007},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.94947},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.77009},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.74037},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.75505},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.83576},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.84549},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.76933},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.75174},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.79224}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.79224,"max":0.94947,"mean":0.601258,"min":0.41826,"of":116,"rank":47,"trend":"rising"}}