{"entity":{"iso2":"CA","iso3":"CAN","name":"Canada","slug":"canada"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":1.60682},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.61386},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.71051},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":1.74984},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.85849},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":2.02116},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.9717},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.96782},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.99735},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":1.97127},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.94304},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.90358},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.85578},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.91742},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.82504},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1.78714},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.77303},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.70624},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.71482},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1.6936},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1.72903},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.68702},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1.7372},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.75578},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":1.93413},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.87064},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.81291},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1.81048},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":1.7908}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":1.7908,"max":2.02116,"mean":1.81781,"min":1.60682,"of":116,"rank":23,"trend":"flat"}}