{"entity":{"iso2":"CN","iso3":"CHN","name":"China","slug":"china"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.56014},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.63467},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.64185},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.74295},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.88409},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.92948},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.04418},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.10465},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.19732},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":1.29008},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.34923},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.35321},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.4233},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.6366},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.68456},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1.75244},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.88095},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.96246},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.98475},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.01703},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":2.0595},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":2.07771},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":2.10232},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":2.20144},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":2.35712},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":2.38165},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":2.4945},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":2.57729}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":2.57729,"max":2.57729,"mean":1.58305,"min":0.56014,"of":116,"rank":14,"trend":"rising"}}