{"entity":{"iso2":"CZ","iso3":"CZE","name":"Czechia","slug":"czechia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.88366},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.98251},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.05423},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":1.04295},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.10377},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":1.09343},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.09272},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.13817},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.13619},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":1.15998},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.22564},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.2967},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.2352},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.28943},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.31352},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1.5323},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.757},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.86743},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.94392},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1.906},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1.65411},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.74513},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1.87652},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.89547},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":1.94537},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.93302},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.89089},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1.83369}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":1.83369,"max":1.94537,"mean":1.45818,"min":0.88366,"of":116,"rank":21,"trend":"rising"}}