{"entity":{"iso2":"EG","iso3":"EGY","name":"Egypt","slug":"egypt-arab-rep"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.2126},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.19756},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.1991},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.18651},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.19247},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.26994},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.24141},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.25903},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.2551},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.27024},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.43312},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.43345},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.53154},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.50899},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.63895},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.63649},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.71858},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.70848},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.64486},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.68839},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.79617},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.91564},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.91175},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.01968},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1.03356},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":1.01757}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":1.01757,"max":1.03356,"mean":0.53543,"min":0.18651,"of":116,"rank":40,"trend":"volatile"}}