{"entity":{"iso2":"EE","iso3":"EST","name":"Estonia","slug":"estonia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.56501},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.67708},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.6},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.69889},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.71182},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.76445},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.84566},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.91687},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.11259},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.05869},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.25182},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.39673},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.57892},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":2.29632},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":2.10485},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.70141},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.40794},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":1.44125},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":1.21835},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.25152},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1.38298},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.59093},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":1.72614},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.75152},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.76094},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1.83878}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":1.83878,"max":2.29632,"mean":1.29429,"min":0.56501,"of":116,"rank":20,"trend":"rising"}}