{"entity":{"iso2":"DE","iso3":"DEU","name":"Germany","slug":"germany"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":2.13663},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":2.18161},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":2.20748},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":2.32772},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":2.38654},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":2.3792},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":2.40856},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":2.44232},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":2.40278},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":2.40266},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":2.43043},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":2.41918},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":2.57152},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":2.68864},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":2.67632},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":2.75016},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":2.82499},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":2.78067},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":2.82218},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.87725},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":2.88393},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":2.9886},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":3.05057},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":3.11256},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":3.0897},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":3.0786},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":3.07096},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":3.1539}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":3.1539,"max":3.1539,"mean":2.66234,"min":2.13663,"of":116,"rank":9,"trend":"rising"}}