{"entity":{"iso2":"IS","iso3":"ISL","name":"Iceland","slug":"iceland"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.79808},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.95098},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":2.23507},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":2.57201},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":2.83989},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":2.8212},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":2.7055},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":2.67969},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":2.85265},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":2.53294},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":2.46413},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":2.59713},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":2.40366},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.69237},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":1.93616},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.18137},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":2.11011},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":2.08365},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":2.00081},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":2.34018},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":2.4864},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":2.78171},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":2.60089},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":2.64005}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":2.64005,"max":2.85265,"mean":2.38778,"min":1.69237,"of":116,"rank":13,"trend":"flat"}}