{"entity":{"iso2":"IQ","iso3":"IRQ","name":"Iraq","slug":"iraq"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.04554},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.03435},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.04562},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.03684},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.03476},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.03835},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.04017},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.03737},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.04596},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.04279},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.03266},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.04053},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.0407}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2021-01-01","latest_value":0.0407,"max":0.04596,"mean":0.0396646,"min":0.03266,"of":116,"rank":112,"trend":"flat"}}