{"entity":{"iso2":"KW","iso3":"KWT","name":"Kuwait","slug":"kuwait"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.20538},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.25796},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.19763},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.12542},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.17884},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.18001},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.14347},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.1301},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.10083},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.08479},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.08585},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.08551},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.11213},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.1014},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.09898},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.09721},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.30153},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.42705},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.0966},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.07985},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.0804},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.06329},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.18512},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.17805},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.0801},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.09547},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.08954}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.08954,"max":0.42705,"mean":0.143056,"min":0.06329,"of":116,"rank":106,"trend":"volatile"}}