{"entity":{"iso2":"ML","iso3":"MLI","name":"Mali","slug":"mali"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.17325},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.47271},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.26458},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.24505},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.13306},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.14596},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.14743}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.14743,"max":0.47271,"mean":0.226006,"min":0.13306,"of":116,"rank":96,"trend":"falling"}}