{"entity":{"iso2":"NL","iso3":"NLD","name":"Netherlands","slug":"netherlands"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":1.83733},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.84171},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.73966},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":1.81986},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.78907},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":1.79214},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":1.73931},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.77665},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.78132},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":1.7667},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":1.73208},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":1.66063},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":1.61247},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":1.65161},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.69388},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":1.8651},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.90094},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":2.13953},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":2.15067},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.11792},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":2.11546},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":2.14167},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":2.1027},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":2.14036},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":2.26514},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":2.21542},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":2.17529},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":2.26719}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":2.26719,"max":2.26719,"mean":1.92256,"min":1.61247,"of":116,"rank":15,"trend":"rising"}}