{"entity":{"iso2":"PH","iso3":"PHL","name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.13263},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.12527},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.10692},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.10498},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.10901},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.11222},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.13207},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.15683},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.32222},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.25926},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.27625}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2020-01-01","latest_value":0.27625,"max":0.32222,"mean":0.16706,"min":0.10498,"of":116,"rank":80,"trend":"rising"}}