{"entity":{"iso2":"PL","iso3":"POL","name":"Poland","slug":"poland"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.6369},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.641},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.65746},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.67786},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.63806},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.61861},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.55501},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.53626},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.54999},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.56121},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.54899},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.56103},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.59719},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.65932},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.72252},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.74726},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.88476},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.8807},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.9454},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.99807},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.9616},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.03055},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1.19426},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.3088},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":1.37128},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.41558},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.44162},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":1.55525}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":1.55525,"max":1.55525,"mean":0.853448,"min":0.53626,"of":116,"rank":26,"trend":"rising"}}