{"entity":{"iso2":"RO","iso3":"ROU","name":"Romania","slug":"romania"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":0.67472},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":0.57451},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":0.49541},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.39832},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.36626},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.39129},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.37721},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.39708},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.38942},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.41262},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.45682},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.51148},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.55215},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.44393},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.44657},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.47457},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.46244},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.39022},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.38207},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.48796},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.48863},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.50693},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.49698},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.47491},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.46414},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.47108},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.46274},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.51656}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.51656,"max":0.67472,"mean":0.463108,"min":0.36626,"of":116,"rank":59,"trend":"flat"}}