{"entity":{"iso2":"SA","iso3":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","slug":"saudi-arabia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.06233},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.05315},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.0423},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.04245},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.04521},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.04902},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.07338},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.884},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.88541},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.85824},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.79069},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.47618},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.39379},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.41439},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.49487},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.63522}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.63522,"max":0.88541,"mean":0.387539,"min":0.0423,"of":116,"rank":55,"trend":"volatile"}}