{"entity":{"iso2":"SG","iso3":"SGP","name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1996-01-01","value":1.31991},{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.41565},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.73708},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":1.81624},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":1.81699},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":2.0093},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":2.03282},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.99679},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":2.07859},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":2.14806},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":2.11656},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":2.31986},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":2.59673},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":2.1279},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":1.92918},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":2.06955},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":1.91833},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":1.92104},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":2.08228},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":2.17445},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":2.06892},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":1.89683},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":1.80836},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":1.88845},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":2.15983},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":1.93761},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":1.80821}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2022-01-01","latest_value":1.80821,"max":2.59673,"mean":1.9702,"min":1.31991,"of":116,"rank":22,"trend":"rising"}}