{"entity":{"iso2":"TN","iso3":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","slug":"tunisia"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.54302},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.65044},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.73095},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.71195},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.67729},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.6654},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.63933},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.70644},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.65806},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.67458},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.64937},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.637},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.61988},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.59413},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.56539},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.69953},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.71645},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.74658}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2019-01-01","latest_value":0.74658,"max":0.74658,"mean":0.660322,"min":0.54302,"of":116,"rank":48,"trend":"flat"}}