{"entity":{"iso2":"UA","iso3":"UKR","name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"1997-01-01","value":1.1923},{"date":"1998-01-01","value":1.06993},{"date":"1999-01-01","value":0.96968},{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.92904},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.98944},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.96269},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":1.07166},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":1.04392},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.99518},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.91403},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.81869},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.80991},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.82596},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.80278},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.7109},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.72363},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.733},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.65034},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.61477},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.48339},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.44878},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.47113},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.43384},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.40318},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.38478},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.32673},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.32209},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.36988}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.36988,"max":1.1923,"mean":0.73113,"min":0.32209,"of":116,"rank":70,"trend":"falling"}}