{"entity":{"iso2":"VE","iso3":"VEN","name":"Venezuela","slug":"venezuela-rb"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"research-spending-gdp","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/research-spending-gdp","title":"Research & development spending as a share of GDP","unit":"% of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.18907},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.31742},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.2011},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.23803},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.24014},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.18823},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.15296},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.2501},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.31853},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.33713}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2014-01-01","latest_value":0.33713,"max":0.33713,"mean":0.243271,"min":0.15296,"of":116,"rank":73,"trend":"rising"}}