{"entity":{"iso2":"ZA","iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa"},"indicator":{"licence":"CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)","slug":"researchers-in-rd-per-million-people","source":"UNESCO UIS Stat Bulk Data Download Service, via World Bank (2026) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data","source_url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/researchers-in-rd-per-million-people","title":"Number of R&D researchers per million people","unit":"per million people"},"observations":[{"date":"1997-01-01","value":188.026},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":299.484},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":292.808},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":367.547},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":351.386},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":373.412},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":384.417},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":381.592},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":384.849},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":359.809},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":381.967},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":400.955},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":430.448},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":427.638},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":466.561},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":481.996},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":516.537},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":500.791},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":479.866},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":459.988},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":454.798},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":444.163}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2022-01-01","latest_value":444.163,"max":516.537,"mean":401.32,"min":188.026,"of":103,"rank":76,"trend":"rising"}}