Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) vs Singapore: Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure over time
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- Singapore
How they compare
Singapore currently reports 1.8% against 0.9% in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), a difference of 0.9%.
That makes Singapore's figure about 2.0 times Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)'s.
Across all 27 years both countries report, Singapore has been ahead every year.
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 21st and Singapore ranks 22nd of 31 groups.
Singapore has averaged higher in every one of the 4 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | Singapore | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.5% | 1.6% | 1.1% | Singapore |
| 2000s | 0.6% | 2.1% | 1.6% | Singapore |
| 2010s | 0.7% | 2.0% | 1.3% | Singapore |
| 2020s | 0.8% | 2.0% | 1.1% | Singapore |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) or Singapore?
- Singapore, at 1.8% against 0.9% in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) as of 2022.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) and Singapore?
- 0.9%, with Singapore ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) and Singapore?
- 27 years are reported by both, from 1996 to 2022.
- How do Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) and Singapore rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 21st and Singapore ranks 22nd of 31 groups.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.