Lower middle income vs Portugal: Research and development expenditure
Lower middle income
0.5%
in 2019
Portugal
1.7%
in 2023
Lower middle income rank
29th
Portugal rank
24th
Research and development expenditure over time
- Lower middle income
- Portugal
How they compare
Portugal currently reports 1.7% against 0.5% in Lower middle income, a difference of 1.2%.
That makes Portugal's figure about 3.1 times Lower middle income's.
Across all 7 years both countries report, Portugal has been ahead every year.
Lower middle income ranks 29th and Portugal ranks 24th of 31 groups.
Portugal has averaged higher in every one of the 2 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Lower middle income | Portugal | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.6% | 1.2% | 0.5% | Portugal |
| 2010s | 0.6% | 1.4% | 0.8% | Portugal |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher research and development expenditure, Lower middle income or Portugal?
- Portugal, at 1.7% against 0.5% in Lower middle income as of 2023.
- What is the difference in research and development expenditure between Lower middle income and Portugal?
- 1.2%, with Portugal ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Lower middle income and Portugal?
- 7 years are reported by both, from 2005 to 2019.
- How do Lower middle income and Portugal rank globally for research and development expenditure?
- Lower middle income ranks 29th and Portugal ranks 24th of 31 groups.
- Where does this data come from?
- Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.