Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) in Spain
Spain: Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) was 31.2% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) in Spain, 1997–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Analysis
In 2023, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) in Spain stood at 31.2%.
The figure is up 0.8% on the previous year and up 0.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) in Spain peaked at 32.2% in 2019 and was at its lowest, 17.6%, in 1997.
That places Spain 26th out of 59 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 17.6% | — |
| 1999 | 19.8% | +12.3% |
| 2001 | 19.0% | -3.6% |
| 2002 | 26.0% | +36.7% |
| 2003 | 26.7% | +2.6% |
| 2004 | 27.3% | +2.3% |
| 2005 | 27.2% | -0.4% |
| 2006 | 28.2% | +3.5% |
| 2007 | 29.1% | +3.4% |
| 2008 | 29.3% | +0.7% |
| 2009 | 29.8% | +1.7% |
| 2010 | 29.9% | +0.3% |
| 2011 | 30.2% | +0.7% |
| 2012 | 30.2% | +0.3% |
| 2013 | 31.1% | +3.0% |
| 2014 | 30.9% | -0.8% |
| 2015 | 31.0% | +0.2% |
| 2016 | 30.6% | -1.1% |
| 2017 | 31.3% | +2.1% |
| 2018 | 31.5% | +0.7% |
| 2019 | 32.2% | +2.3% |
| 2020 | 31.7% | -1.4% |
| 2021 | 31.6% | -0.5% |
| 2022 | 31.0% | -1.9% |
| 2023 | 31.2% | +0.8% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 31.2% is above the median for high income countries, which is 26.3%, 1.2× the median. (33 countries reporting)
- Spain's 31.2% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 28.6%, 1.1× the median. (35 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | +36.7% | 19.0% | 26.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 18.7% | 17.6% | 19.8% | 2 |
| 2000s | 27.0% | 19.0% | 29.8% | 9 |
| 2010s | 30.9% | 29.9% | 32.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 31.4% | 31.0% | 31.7% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More science & technology data for Spain
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 130.26 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.28 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 62.41 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 122.45 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 60,304 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0012 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) in Spain?
- Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) in Spain was 31.2% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 32.2% in 2019.
- What is the lowest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 17.6% in 1997.
- How does Spain rank for female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte)?
- Spain ranks 26th out of 59 countries with data for 2023.
- Is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (fte) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 0.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (FTE) - Business enterprise. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 25 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release