Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category and NUTS 2 region by country
Countries reporting
39
Highest
26,845
Germany
Lowest
24.3
Mayotte
Median
2,045
Years covered
27
1999–2025
Data points
11,151
What the numbers show
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category and NUTS 2 region is currently reported for 39 countries. The highest value is 26,845 in Germany; the lowest is 24.3 in Mayotte.
The median across all reporting countries is 2,045, and the mean is 4,441.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 1,105.
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by category and NUTS: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 26,845 | 2025 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 21,623 | 2019 | up 45.7% | rising |
| 3 | France | 21,189 | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 4 | Türkiye | 15,275 | 2025 | up 72.8% | rising |
| 5 | Spain | 14,611 | 2025 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 6 | Italy | 11,460 | 2025 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 7 | Poland | 10,241 | 2025 | up 27.4% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 6,803 | 2025 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 9 | Sweden | 3,915 | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 10 | Belgium | 3,883 | 2025 | up 30.7% | rising |
| 11 | Switzerland | 3,292 | 2025 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 12 | Austria | 2,947 | 2025 | up 23.0% | rising |
| 13 | Romania | 2,784 | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 14 | Portugal | 2,730 | 2025 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 15 | Czechia | 2,689 | 2025 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 16 | Greece | 2,462 | 2025 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 17 | Hungary | 2,447 | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 18 | Norway | 2,046 | 2025 | up 20.1% | rising |
| 19 | Denmark | 2,045 | 2025 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 20 | Finland | 1,775 | 2025 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 21 | Bulgaria | 1,623 | 2025 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 22 | Serbia | 1,451 | 2025 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 23 | Slovakia | 1,373 | 2025 | up 28.4% | rising |
| 24 | Lithuania | 1,027 | 2025 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 25 | Croatia | 912.7 | 2025 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 26 | Slovenia | 564.4 | 2025 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 27 | Latvia | 538.6 | 2025 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 504.5 | 2025 | — | rising |
| 29 | Estonia | 444 | 2025 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 30 | Ireland | 2,099 | 2025 | up 53.9% | rising |
| 30 | North Macedonia | 350.2 | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 31 | Cyprus | 348.7 | 2025 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 32 | Iceland | 139.9 | 2025 | up 44.1% | rising |
| 33 | Montenegro | 118.7 | 2020 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 325 | Luxembourg | 275.6 | 2025 | up 53.5% | rising |
| 376 | Malta | 184.8 | 2025 | up 105.3% | rising |
| 426 | Martinique | 78.6 | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 427 | Guadeloupe | 77.7 | 2025 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 437 | Mayotte | 24.3 | 2025 | up 59.9% | rising |