Research and development expenditure in Estonia
Estonia: Research and development expenditure was 1.8% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Research and development expenditure in Estonia, 1998–2023
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2023, research and development expenditure in Estonia stood at 1.8%.
That represents a change of up 4.4% on the previous year and up 8.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Estonia peaked at 2.3% in 2011 and was at its lowest, 0.6%, in 1998.
That places Estonia 20th out of 116 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.
Research and development expenditure in Estonia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 0.6% | — |
| 1999 | 0.7% | +19.8% |
| 2000 | 0.6% | -11.4% |
| 2001 | 0.7% | +16.5% |
| 2002 | 0.7% | +1.9% |
| 2003 | 0.8% | +7.4% |
| 2004 | 0.8% | +10.6% |
| 2005 | 0.9% | +8.4% |
| 2006 | 1.1% | +21.3% |
| 2007 | 1.1% | -4.8% |
| 2008 | 1.3% | +18.2% |
| 2009 | 1.4% | +11.6% |
| 2010 | 1.6% | +13.0% |
| 2011 | 2.3% | +45.4% |
| 2012 | 2.1% | -8.3% |
| 2013 | 1.7% | -19.2% |
| 2014 | 1.4% | -17.2% |
| 2015 | 1.4% | +2.4% |
| 2016 | 1.2% | -15.5% |
| 2017 | 1.3% | +2.7% |
| 2018 | 1.4% | +10.5% |
| 2019 | 1.6% | +15.0% |
| 2020 | 1.7% | +8.5% |
| 2021 | 1.8% | +1.5% |
| 2022 | 1.8% | +0.5% |
| 2023 | 1.8% | +4.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 2 |
| 2000s | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.6% | 1.2% | 2.3% | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More science & technology data for Estonia
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 151.13 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.5 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 2.06 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 48.06 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 0.6232 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 0.1339 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 1,754 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0013 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Estonia?
- Research and development expenditure in Estonia was 1.8% in 2023, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 2.3% in 2011.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.6% in 1998.
- How does Estonia rank for research and development expenditure?
- Estonia ranks 20th out of 116 countries with data for 2023.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 8.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.