Research and development expenditure in Pakistan
Pakistan: Research and development expenditure was 0.2% in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Research and development expenditure in Pakistan, 1997–2023
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for research and development expenditure in Pakistan is 0.2%, measured in 2023.
The figure is down 0.2% on the previous year and down 37.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Pakistan peaked at 0.5% in 2007 and was at its lowest, 0.1%, in 2000.
That places Pakistan 94th out of 116 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Research and development expenditure in Pakistan, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.2% | — |
| 1998 | 0.1% | -29.8% |
| 1999 | 0.1% | +6.1% |
| 2000 | 0.1% | -17.7% |
| 2001 | 0.1% | +30.1% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | +30.8% |
| 2005 | 0.3% | +103.0% |
| 2007 | 0.5% | +58.9% |
| 2009 | 0.4% | -23.2% |
| 2011 | 0.3% | -24.2% |
| 2013 | 0.3% | -14.1% |
| 2015 | 0.2% | -15.2% |
| 2017 | 0.2% | -4.4% |
| 2019 | 0.2% | -17.6% |
| 2021 | 0.2% | -6.0% |
| 2023 | 0.2% | -0.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 3 |
| 2000s | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 6 |
| 2010s | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 5 |
| 2020s | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 2 |
Countries ranked near Pakistan
More science & technology data for Pakistan
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 76.85 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 0.7685 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0.0005 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 193.11 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 245.74 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 0.4112 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 1.94 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 20,519 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0001 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Pakistan?
- Research and development expenditure in Pakistan was 0.2% in 2023, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Pakistan?
- The highest recorded value was 0.5% in 2007.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Pakistan?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.1% in 2000.
- How does Pakistan rank for research and development expenditure?
- Pakistan ranks 94th out of 116 countries with data for 2023.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Pakistan?
- Over the last ten years it is down 37.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Pakistan data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.