Romania vs Spain: Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC)
Romania
31.3%
in 2023
Spain
31.1%
in 2023
Romania rank
33rd
Spain rank
35th
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) over time
- Romania
- Spain
How they compare
Romania currently reports 31.3% against 31.1% in Spain, a difference of 0.2%.
Across all 25 years both countries report, Romania has been ahead every year.
Romania ranks 33rd and Spain ranks 35th of 78 countries.
Romania has averaged higher in every one of the 4 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Romania | Spain | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 43.4% | 18.2% | 25.1% | Romania |
| 2000s | 40.9% | 26.4% | 14.6% | Romania |
| 2010s | 36.5% | 30.4% | 6.1% | Romania |
| 2020s | 32.9% | 31.0% | 1.9% | Romania |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc), Romania or Spain?
- Romania, at 31.3% against 31.1% in Spain as of 2023.
- What is the difference in female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) between Romania and Spain?
- 0.2%, with Romania ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Romania and Spain?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 1997 to 2023.
- How do Romania and Spain rank globally for female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc)?
- Romania ranks 33rd and Spain ranks 35th of 78 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) - Business enterprise. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
February 2026 Data Release