Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain
Spain: Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) was 31.1% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, 1997–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Analysis
In 2023, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain stood at 31.1%.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.5% on the previous year and up 2.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain peaked at 31.6% in 2019 and was at its lowest, 17.1%, in 1997.
Spain ranks 35th of 78 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 17.1% | — |
| 1999 | 19.4% | +13.4% |
| 2001 | 19.0% | -2.1% |
| 2002 | 24.8% | +30.9% |
| 2003 | 26.6% | +7.3% |
| 2004 | 26.5% | -0.5% |
| 2005 | 26.8% | +1.3% |
| 2006 | 27.7% | +3.1% |
| 2007 | 28.2% | +2.1% |
| 2008 | 28.8% | +2.1% |
| 2009 | 28.8% | -0.2% |
| 2010 | 29.1% | +1.3% |
| 2011 | 29.4% | +0.8% |
| 2012 | 29.4% | +0.0% |
| 2013 | 30.4% | +3.6% |
| 2014 | 30.6% | +0.6% |
| 2015 | 30.7% | +0.2% |
| 2016 | 30.5% | -0.7% |
| 2017 | 30.9% | +1.5% |
| 2018 | 31.0% | +0.1% |
| 2019 | 31.6% | +2.1% |
| 2020 | 31.2% | -1.1% |
| 2021 | 31.1% | -0.6% |
| 2022 | 30.6% | -1.5% |
| 2023 | 31.1% | +1.5% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 31.1% is above the median for high income countries, which is 26.8%, 1.2× the median. (44 countries reporting)
- Spain's 31.1% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 28.8%, 1.1× the median. (43 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | +30.9% | 19.0% | 24.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 18.2% | 17.1% | 19.4% | 2 |
| 2000s | 26.4% | 19.0% | 28.8% | 9 |
| 2010s | 30.4% | 29.1% | 31.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 31.0% | 30.6% | 31.2% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More science & technology data for Spain
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 130.26 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.28 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 62.41 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 122.45 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 1.99 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 60,304 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0012 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain?
- Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) in Spain was 31.1% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 31.6% in 2019.
- What is the lowest female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 17.1% in 1997.
- How does Spain rank for female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc)?
- Spain ranks 35th out of 78 countries with data for 2023.
- Is female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (hc) rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 2.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers (HC) - Business enterprise. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 25 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release