GERD as a percentage of GDP in Estonia
Estonia: GERD as a percentage of GDP was 1.8% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Latest (2023)
1.8%
Change on year
up 4.4%
World rank
20th
of 116 countries
All-time high
2.3%
in 2011
All-time low
0.6%
in 1998
Years of data
26
1998–2023
GERD as a percentage of GDP in Estonia, 1998–2023
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Analysis
Estonia recorded 1.8% for gerd as a percentage of gdp in 2023.
That represents a change of up 4.4% on the previous year and up 8.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gerd as a percentage of gdp in Estonia peaked at 2.3% in 2011 and was at its lowest, 0.6%, in 1998.
Estonia ranks 20th of 116 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.
GERD as a percentage of GDP in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 0.6% | — |
| 1999 | 0.7% | +19.8% |
| 2000 | 0.6% | -11.4% |
| 2001 | 0.7% | +16.5% |
| 2002 | 0.7% | +1.9% |
| 2003 | 0.8% | +7.4% |
| 2004 | 0.8% | +10.6% |
| 2005 | 0.9% | +8.4% |
| 2006 | 1.1% | +21.3% |
| 2007 | 1.1% | -4.8% |
| 2008 | 1.3% | +18.2% |
| 2009 | 1.4% | +11.6% |
| 2010 | 1.6% | +13.0% |
| 2011 | 2.3% | +45.4% |
| 2012 | 2.1% | -8.3% |
| 2013 | 1.7% | -19.2% |
| 2014 | 1.4% | -17.2% |
| 2015 | 1.4% | +2.4% |
| 2016 | 1.2% | -15.5% |
| 2017 | 1.3% | +2.7% |
| 2018 | 1.4% | +10.5% |
| 2019 | 1.6% | +15.0% |
| 2020 | 1.7% | +8.5% |
| 2021 | 1.8% | +1.5% |
| 2022 | 1.8% | +0.5% |
| 2023 | 1.8% | +4.4% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 1.8% is above the median for high income countries, which is 1.5%, 1.2× the median. (54 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 1.8% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 1.4%, 1.3× the median. (47 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 2 |
| 2000s | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.6% | 1.2% | 2.3% | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More science & technology data for Estonia
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 151.13 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 1.5 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 2.06 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 48.06 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 0.6232 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 0.1339 % change on previous year (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents, gaps filled 3 (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents 3 (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gerd as a percentage of gdp in Estonia?
- Gerd as a percentage of gdp in Estonia was 1.8% in 2023, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest gerd as a percentage of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 2.3% in 2011.
- What is the lowest gerd as a percentage of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.6% in 1998.
- How does Estonia rank for gerd as a percentage of gdp?
- Estonia ranks 20th out of 116 countries with data for 2023.
- Is gerd as a percentage of gdp rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 8.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of GERD as a percentage of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 26 observations, free to reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics).
About this data
February 2026 Data Release