Research and development expenditure in Belgium

Belgium: Research and development expenditure was 3.3% in 2023. ▲ Rising

Latest (2023)
3.3%
Change on year
up 2.4%
World rank
6th
of 116 countries
All-time high
3.4%
in 2021
All-time low
1.7%
in 1996
Years of data
28
1996–2023

Research and development expenditure in Belgium, 1996–2023

01231996200920231996: 1.7 % of GDP1997: 1.8 % of GDP1998: 1.8 % of GDP1999: 1.9 % of GDP2000: 1.9 % of GDP2001: 2 % of GDP2002: 1.9 % of GDP2003: 1.8 % of GDP2004: 1.8 % of GDP2005: 1.8 % of GDP2006: 1.8 % of GDP2007: 1.8 % of GDP2008: 1.9 % of GDP2009: 2 % of GDP2010: 2.1 % of GDP2011: 2.2 % of GDP2012: 2.3 % of GDP2013: 2.3 % of GDP2014: 2.4 % of GDP2015: 2.4 % of GDP2016: 2.5 % of GDP2017: 2.7 % of GDP2018: 2.9 % of GDP2019: 3.2 % of GDP2020: 3.4 % of GDP2021: 3.4 % of GDP2022: 3.2 % of GDP2023: 3.3 % of GDP

Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.

Analysis

Belgium recorded 3.3% for research and development expenditure in 2023.

The figure is up 2.4% on the previous year and up 41.0% over ten years.

Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Belgium peaked at 3.4% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 1.7%, in 1996.

That places Belgium 6th out of 116 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top 10%.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 28 years of available data.

Research and development expenditure in Belgium, year by year

Annual values for Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Belgium, 1996 to 2023.
Year % of GDP Change
1996 1.7%
1997 1.8% +3.8%
1998 1.8% +1.6%
1999 1.9% +3.7%
2000 1.9% +1.6%
2001 2.0% +5.0%
2002 1.9% -6.4%
2003 1.8% -3.3%
2004 1.8% -1.1%
2005 1.8% -1.6%
2006 1.8% +1.8%
2007 1.8% +1.5%
2008 1.9% +4.7%
2009 2.0% +2.8%
2010 2.1% +3.5%
2011 2.2% +4.7%
2012 2.3% +5.3%
2013 2.3% +2.2%
2014 2.4% +1.6%
2015 2.4% +3.2%
2016 2.5% +4.0%
2017 2.7% +5.7%
2018 2.9% +7.0%
2019 3.2% +10.1%
2020 3.4% +6.9%
2021 3.4% +1.1%
2022 3.2% -6.2%
2023 3.3% +2.4%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 4
2000s 1.9% 1.8% 2.0% 10
2010s 2.5% 2.1% 3.2% 10
2020s 3.3% 3.2% 3.4% 4

Countries ranked near Belgium

  1. 3 Sweden 3.6% compare
  2. 4 United States of America 3.4% compare
  3. 5 Japan 3.4% compare
  4. 7 Austria 3.3% compare
  5. 8 Switzerland 3.2% compare
  6. 9 Germany 3.2% compare

See the full ranking of 147 places →

More science & technology data for Belgium

All data for Belgium →

Frequently asked questions

What is research and development expenditure in Belgium?
Research and development expenditure in Belgium was 3.3% in 2023, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Belgium?
The highest recorded value was 3.4% in 2021.
What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Belgium?
The lowest recorded value was 1.7% in 1996.
How does Belgium rank for research and development expenditure?
Belgium ranks 6th out of 116 countries with data for 2023.
Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Belgium?
Over the last ten years it is up 41.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Belgium data come from?
The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Research and development expenditure in Belgium. Statizoid, drawing on Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 22 August 2026, from https://science-tech.statizoid.com/stat/research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp/belgium/

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About this data

Indicator
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Unit
% of GDP
Source
Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
147 places, 3,092 data points, 1996–2024
Last refreshed

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.