Research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income): Research and development expenditure was 0.5% in 2021. ▲ Rising
Research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income), 2005–2021
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) is 0.5%, measured in 2021. That is the highest value across all 6 years on record.
That represents a change of up 9.2% on the previous year and up 66.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) peaked at 0.5% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 0.3%, in 2009.
That places Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 30th out of 31 groups with data for 2021, putting it in the bottom quarter.
Research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income), year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 0.4% | — |
| 2009 | 0.3% | -19.0% |
| 2015 | 0.4% | +21.5% |
| 2017 | 0.5% | +25.5% |
| 2019 | 0.5% | -0.1% |
| 2021 | 0.5% | +9.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 2 |
| 2010s | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 3 |
| 2020s | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1 |
Countries ranked near Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)
More science & technology data for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 148,117 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0002 units per person (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per square kilometre 0.0147 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Digital connectivity composite index -0.4651 standard deviations from the yearly mean (2025)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, annual growth rate 2.81 % change on previous year (2023)
- Researchers in R&D 830.79 per million people (2021)
All data for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)?
- Research and development expenditure in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) was 0.5% in 2021, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)?
- The highest recorded value was 0.5% in 2021.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.3% in 2009.
- How does Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) rank for research and development expenditure?
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) ranks 30th out of 31 groups with data for 2021.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)?
- Over the last ten years it is up 66.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.