Research and development expenditure in Montenegro
Montenegro: Research and development expenditure was 0.4% in 2019. ◆ Volatile
Research and development expenditure in Montenegro, 2003–2019
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for research and development expenditure in Montenegro is 0.4%, measured in 2019.
That represents a change of down 27.9% on the previous year and down 68.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Montenegro peaked at 1.2% in 2006 and was at its lowest, 0.3%, in 2011.
That places Montenegro 71st out of 116 countries with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Research and development expenditure in Montenegro, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 0.8% | — |
| 2004 | 1.0% | +27.7% |
| 2005 | 0.9% | -9.3% |
| 2006 | 1.2% | +33.0% |
| 2007 | 1.1% | -6.9% |
| 2011 | 0.3% | -72.5% |
| 2013 | 0.4% | +18.9% |
| 2014 | 0.4% | -3.0% |
| 2015 | 0.4% | +3.0% |
| 2016 | 0.3% | -13.2% |
| 2017 | 0.3% | +7.5% |
| 2018 | 0.5% | +44.3% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | -27.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 5 |
| 2010s | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 8 |
Countries ranked near Montenegro
- 68 Oman 0.4% compare
- 69 North Macedonia 0.4% compare
- 70 Ukraine 0.4% compare
- 72 Costa Rica 0.3% compare
- 73 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 0.3% compare
- 74 Macau, China 0.3% compare
More science & technology data for Montenegro
- Mobile landline subscriptions, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, gaps filled 221.69 (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per capita 2.27 units per person (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per unit of GDP 0.0002 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, gaps filled 1.42 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, per square kilometre 97.62 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Mobile landline subscriptions, annual growth rate 6.97 % change on previous year (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions by country, annual growth rate 7.8 % change on previous year (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles 254.67 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0004 units per person (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Montenegro?
- Research and development expenditure in Montenegro was 0.4% in 2019, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Montenegro?
- The highest recorded value was 1.2% in 2006.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Montenegro?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.3% in 2011.
- How does Montenegro rank for research and development expenditure?
- Montenegro ranks 71st out of 116 countries with data for 2019.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Montenegro?
- Over the last ten years it is down 68.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Montenegro data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.