GERD by sector of performance and type of R&D by country
Countries reporting
52
Highest
932,442 Million euro
United States
Lowest
22.51 Million euro
Montenegro
Median
6,983 Million euro
Years covered
45
1980–2024
Data points
1,830
What the numbers show
GERD by sector of performance and type of R&D is currently reported for 52 countries. The highest value is 932,442 Million euro in United States; the lowest is 22.51 Million euro in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 6,983 Million euro, and the mean is 52,900 Million euro.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 41,431.
GERD by sector of performance and type of R&D: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 932,442 Million euro | 2024 | up 159.7% | volatile |
| 2 | United States | 883,731 Million euro | 2023 | up 157.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Germany | 137,060 Million euro | 2024 | up 62.7% | volatile |
| 4 | Japan | 134,809 Million euro | 2024 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 5 | South Korea | 88,821 Million euro | 2024 | up 94.8% | volatile |
| 6 | South Korea | 84,278 Million euro | 2023 | up 106.6% | volatile |
| 7 | France | 64,129 Million euro | 2024 | up 33.8% | rising |
| 8 | United Kingdom | 44,366 Million euro | 2019 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 8 | United Kingdom | 44,366 Million euro | 2019 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 10 | Italy | 31,043 Million euro | 2024 | up 42.5% | rising |
| 11 | Switzerland | 26,643 Million euro | 2023 | up 73.6% | volatile |
| 12 | Netherlands | 26,437 Million euro | 2024 | up 81.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Netherlands | 25,678 Million euro | 2024 | up 75.9% | volatile |
| 14 | Spain | 23,938 Million euro | 2024 | up 86.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Belgium | 20,165 Million euro | 2024 | up 111.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Sweden | 19,900 Million euro | 2024 | up 46.2% | rising |
| 17 | Türkiye | 18,323 Million euro | 2024 | up 202.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Austria | 16,509 Million euro | 2024 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 19 | Russia | 15,662 Million euro | 2019 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 19 | Russia | 15,662 Million euro | 2019 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 21 | Denmark | 12,606 Million euro | 2024 | up 62.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Poland | 11,956 Million euro | 2024 | up 209.4% | volatile |
| 22 | Poland | 11,956 Million euro | 2024 | up 209.4% | volatile |
| 24 | Ireland | 8,930 Million euro | 2024 | up 200.9% | volatile |
| 25 | Finland | 8,893 Million euro | 2024 | up 36.6% | volatile |
| 26 | Norway | 8,121 Million euro | 2024 | up 26.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Czechia | 5,844 Million euro | 2024 | up 89.1% | volatile |
| 28 | Portugal | 5,020 Million euro | 2024 | up 124.9% | volatile |
| 29 | Greece | 3,621 Million euro | 2024 | up 143.2% | volatile |
| 30 | Hungary | 2,705 Million euro | 2024 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 31 | Romania | 1,624 Million euro | 2024 | up 182.4% | volatile |
| 32 | Slovenia | 1,458 Million euro | 2024 | up 63.8% | volatile |
| 33 | Slovenia | 1,439 Million euro | 2024 | up 61.7% | volatile |
| 34 | Slovakia | 1,279 Million euro | 2024 | up 91.0% | volatile |
| 34 | Slovakia | 1,279 Million euro | 2024 | up 91.0% | volatile |
| 36 | Croatia | 1,209 Million euro | 2024 | up 255.7% | volatile |
| 37 | Croatia | 1,160 Million euro | 2024 | up 241.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Luxembourg | 893.22 Million euro | 2024 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 39 | Lithuania | 885.37 Million euro | 2024 | up 135.0% | volatile |
| 40 | Lithuania | 825.35 Million euro | 2024 | up 119.0% | volatile |
| 41 | Bulgaria | 804.86 Million euro | 2024 | up 136.8% | volatile |
| 42 | Estonia | 791.06 Million euro | 2024 | up 175.9% | volatile |
| 42 | Estonia | 791.06 Million euro | 2024 | up 175.9% | volatile |
| 44 | Serbia | 773.63 Million euro | 2024 | up 201.7% | rising |
| 45 | Iceland | 757.42 Million euro | 2024 | up 190.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Latvia | 382.98 Million euro | 2024 | up 135.2% | volatile |
| 47 | Latvia | 372.64 Million euro | 2024 | up 128.9% | volatile |
| 48 | Cyprus | 221.87 Million euro | 2024 | up 147.8% | volatile |
| 49 | Malta | 140.18 Million euro | 2024 | up 131.5% | volatile |
| 50 | North Macedonia | 53.94 Million euro | 2023 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 51 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 38.1 Million euro | 2021 | up 7.1% | falling |
| 52 | Montenegro | 22.51 Million euro | 2024 | up 79.2% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- China except Hong Kong 466,475 Million euro
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 408,427 Million euro
- Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 353,792 Million euro
- Euro area – 20 countries (2023-2025) 352,987 Million euro