Research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend
Early-demographic dividend: Research and development expenditure was 0.8% in 2020. ▲ Rising
Research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend, 1997–2020
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Early-demographic dividend recorded 0.8% for research and development expenditure in 2020. That is the highest value across all 21 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 8.3% on the previous year and up 11.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend peaked at 0.8% in 2020 and was at its lowest, 0.6%, in 1997.
Early-demographic dividend ranks 20th of 29 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 21 years of available data.
Research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 0.6% | — |
| 2000 | 0.6% | +7.1% |
| 2001 | 0.6% | +2.3% |
| 2002 | 0.6% | +2.8% |
| 2003 | 0.6% | -2.9% |
| 2004 | 0.6% | +1.6% |
| 2005 | 0.6% | -1.9% |
| 2006 | 0.6% | +4.4% |
| 2007 | 0.6% | +2.3% |
| 2008 | 0.7% | +5.7% |
| 2009 | 0.6% | -9.7% |
| 2010 | 0.7% | +17.2% |
| 2011 | 0.7% | -1.4% |
| 2012 | 0.7% | -1.6% |
| 2013 | 0.6% | -11.3% |
| 2015 | 0.7% | +16.3% |
| 2016 | 0.8% | +4.6% |
| 2017 | 0.7% | -4.8% |
| 2018 | 0.7% | +2.8% |
| 2019 | 0.7% | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 0.8% | +8.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1 |
| 2000s | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 9 |
| 2020s | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1 |
Countries ranked near Early-demographic dividend
More science & technology data for Early-demographic dividend
- Scientific and technical journal articles 555,456 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0002 units per person (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per square kilometre 0.0167 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Digital connectivity composite index -0.4133 standard deviations from the yearly mean (2022)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, annual growth rate 8.24 % change on previous year (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend?
- Research and development expenditure in Early-demographic dividend was 0.8% in 2020, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Early-demographic dividend?
- The highest recorded value was 0.8% in 2020.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Early-demographic dividend?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.6% in 1997.
- How does Early-demographic dividend rank for research and development expenditure?
- Early-demographic dividend ranks 20th out of 29 groups with data for 2020.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Early-demographic dividend?
- Over the last ten years it is up 11.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Early-demographic dividend data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 21 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.