Research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics
Central Europe and the Baltics: Research and development expenditure was 1.3% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics, 1996–2023
Source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Central Europe and the Baltics recorded 1.3% for research and development expenditure in 2023. That is the highest value across all 28 years on record.
That represents a change of up 3.4% on the previous year and up 26.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics peaked at 1.3% in 2023 and was at its lowest, 0.7%, in 1996.
Central Europe and the Baltics ranks 19th of 31 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 28 years of available data.
Research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 0.7% | — |
| 1997 | 0.7% | +3.4% |
| 1998 | 0.7% | -1.8% |
| 1999 | 0.7% | +1.0% |
| 2000 | 0.7% | +1.2% |
| 2001 | 0.8% | +0.6% |
| 2002 | 0.7% | -1.2% |
| 2003 | 0.7% | -1.0% |
| 2004 | 0.7% | +0.5% |
| 2005 | 0.7% | +0.2% |
| 2006 | 0.8% | +2.2% |
| 2007 | 0.8% | +0.4% |
| 2008 | 0.8% | +3.1% |
| 2009 | 0.8% | +5.5% |
| 2010 | 0.9% | +5.4% |
| 2011 | 1.0% | +9.3% |
| 2012 | 1.1% | +10.4% |
| 2013 | 1.1% | +1.3% |
| 2014 | 1.1% | +2.3% |
| 2015 | 1.1% | +4.6% |
| 2016 | 1.0% | -10.2% |
| 2017 | 1.1% | +5.7% |
| 2018 | 1.2% | +9.7% |
| 2019 | 1.2% | +4.4% |
| 2020 | 1.3% | +4.6% |
| 2021 | 1.3% | +1.5% |
| 2022 | 1.3% | -1.2% |
| 2023 | 1.3% | +3.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 4 |
| 2000s | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.1% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.3% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Central Europe and the Baltics
More science & technology data for Central Europe and the Baltics
- Scientific and technical journal articles 89,166 (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per capita 0.0009 units per person (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, per square kilometre 0.0807 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Digital connectivity composite index 0.4325 standard deviations from the yearly mean (2022)
- Scientific and technical journal articles, annual growth rate -0.3137 % change on previous year (2023)
- Researchers in R&D 3,248 per million people (2023)
- Technicians in R&D 656.65 per million people (2017)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- Research and development expenditure in Central Europe and the Baltics was 1.3% in 2023, according to Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- What is the highest research and development expenditure recorded in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- The highest recorded value was 1.3% in 2023.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure recorded in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.7% in 1996.
- How does Central Europe and the Baltics rank for research and development expenditure?
- Central Europe and the Baltics ranks 19th out of 31 groups with data for 2023.
- Is research and development expenditure rising or falling in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- Over the last ten years it is up 26.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Central Europe and the Baltics data come from?
- The figures come from Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), published as part of Research and development expenditure (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.